Next cohort (Summer'26) start date: May 23rd, 2026

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Thought Leadership

AI in Finance Hiring: The Signal Problem for Employers

As AI makes candidate presentation easier to optimize, finance employers will need stronger evidence of how candidates actually think, work, and improve.

AI in finance hiring is changing how employers interpret candidate signals. Resumes, cover letters, and application materials are easier than ever to optimize, which makes it more important to identify candidates through observed work, technical preparation, and verified investment ability.

Finance hiring has always depended on imperfect signals. Employers look at universities, internships, grades, resumes, technical credentials, referrals, interview performance, writing ability, and evidence of genuine interest in markets. None of these signals has ever been complete on its own, but together they have helped employers make practical decisions in a competitive market with limited time and incomplete information.

AI is now changing the value of those signals.

A resume can be rewritten in seconds. A cover letter can be tailored to a specific job description almost instantly. A candidate can use AI tools to prepare answers for technical and behavioral interviews. Application materials can be produced at greater scale, with better formatting, fewer writing errors, and more precise keyword matching than before.

This does not mean candidates are less capable. In many cases, AI helps serious candidates communicate their experience more clearly. It may reduce the disadvantage faced by candidates who have strong ability but weaker writing or less familiarity with professional application norms. A 2023 NBER working paper on algorithmic writing assistance found that jobseekers who received resume writing assistance were hired more often, with no evidence that employers were less satisfied. The authors argued that better writing may help employers better assess ability, rather than simply creating a false signal.

That distinction matters. AI-assisted applications are not automatically low quality, and better presentation is not inherently deceptive. The problem is that presentation is becoming much easier to optimize. As polished resumes and cover letters become more common, employers need to be more careful about treating polish as proof of ability.

This is especially important in finance, where the real work is analytical rather than cosmetic. Investment roles require judgment, intellectual honesty, technical understanding, writing ability, and the capacity to reason under uncertainty. A candidate may be able to describe options strategy, hedge fund investing, macro analysis, or portfolio construction in fluent language without being able to produce useful work in those areas. The hiring challenge is therefore not simply to find candidates who sound credible. It is to identify candidates who have demonstrated credible ability.

What AI in finance hiring changes

The application layer was already crowded before generative AI. Competitive finance roles attract ambitious candidates who know how to optimize for prestige signals. Many applicants understand which keywords to include, which internships to emphasize, which clubs to mention, and how to frame their interest in investment banking, sales and trading, asset management, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, or proprietary trading.

Generative AI has accelerated this pattern. Candidates can now produce more applications with less effort, and many of those applications will look more polished than equivalent applications did a few years ago. Employers are responding with their own AI tools to screen, rank, and manage candidate volume. Greenhouse’s 2025 AI in Hiring Report described an environment of declining trust, with recruiters reporting high levels of candidate deception and time spent filtering spam or low-quality applications.

The challenge with AI in finance hiring is not that candidates are using better tools. The challenge is that presentation is becoming easier to polish than actual ability is to verify.

If candidates use AI to optimize their applications for screening systems, and employers use AI to manage applications that have been optimized for those systems, the hiring process can become faster without becoming much more accurate. A process can be efficient at sorting documents while still being weak at identifying actual investment talent.

For finance employers, the core issue is signal quality. A resume line saying “options strategy” may represent real knowledge of volatility, time decay, assignment risk, spread behavior, and risk management. It may also represent language learned from online content or generated by a model. A candidate who claims to be interested in hedge funds may have a serious investment process. They may also be repeating the vocabulary that they think employers expect.

The difference between those two candidates is not always visible at the resume stage.

Finance hiring needs evidence closer to the work

In finance, stronger hiring signals tend to come from evidence that is closer to the actual work. A relevant internship matters because it suggests that the candidate has experienced some version of a professional environment. A strong investment memo matters because it shows how the candidate thinks. A well-defended pitch matters because it reveals judgment, preparation, and the ability to handle questions. A credible reference matters because someone has observed the candidate in context.

This is why skills-based hiring has become a more serious topic across industries. Research from Harvard Business School and the Burning Glass Institute has argued that companies often announce skills-based hiring practices before fully implementing them, but also found stronger outcomes among firms that genuinely hire and retain workers based on demonstrated skills rather than degree filters alone.

The same principle applies to finance, although the relevant skills are more specialized. Employers are not only looking for generic problem-solving ability. They want candidates who can read markets, understand tradeoffs, write clearly, recognize risk, and apply technical knowledge to realistic investment questions. For an analyst candidate, useful evidence might include research notes, valuation work, market commentary, idea generation, or portfolio analysis. For a trading-oriented candidate, useful evidence might include understanding of derivatives, trade structure, position behavior, risk limits, and the logic behind entries and exits.

For employers, AI in finance hiring increases the value of signals that are closer to real work: investment memos, technical assessment, trading rationale, research discussions, and performance under feedback.

These signals are harder to fake than surface-level application materials. They are not impossible to fake, especially as AI-generated work samples become more sophisticated, but they are still more informative when they are produced inside a structured environment where the candidate is observed, questioned, and evaluated over time.

The value of observed performance

The strongest signal in junior finance hiring is often observed performance over time. A single interview can be useful, but it is limited. A resume can open a door, but it cannot show how someone learns. A credential can indicate preparation, but it does not capture the full pattern of a candidate’s behavior.

Observed performance gives employers a richer picture. It shows whether a candidate follows through, whether they ask better questions, whether they can move from theory to application, whether they respond well to feedback, and whether they can improve after being challenged. It also helps distinguish between candidates who are simply interested in finance and candidates who are developing the habits required to contribute in an investment environment.

This is where structured training and assessment programs can become more relevant in the AI era. Their value is not only that they teach content. Their value is that they create a record of candidate development. A serious program can track how candidates perform across technical training, written work, discussions, mentoring interactions, research assignments, and internship-style tasks. Over time, that creates a better signal than an application package alone.

For employers, this matters because junior hiring is costly. A weak hire does not only cost salary. It consumes training time, senior attention, and team bandwidth. This is especially true for smaller funds, family offices, boutique investment firms, and specialist trading teams that do not have the recruiting infrastructure of a large bank. These firms may need talent, but they often have limited capacity to screen hundreds of early-career candidates from scratch.

A better pre-vetting layer can reduce that burden. It can help employers spend more time with candidates who have already shown some evidence of commitment, technical preparation, and practical ability.

Where TrendUp fits

TrendUp is built around this shift toward better candidate signal in finance hiring. The program works with students and early-career candidates who want to develop practical investment skills, then helps surface stronger candidates to employers.

Through the TrendUp L-Program, candidates are exposed to investment analysis, options and derivatives strategy, futures, hedge fund strategy, and related market concepts. The program is structured as an end-to-end development pathway that bridges financial theory and professional market practice. Candidates who progress through the program can be evaluated across multiple stages rather than through a single resume screen.

The Certified Futures and Options Analyst (CFOA) pathway also gives candidates a more specific technical signal in derivatives, mainly options and futures. In a market where many candidates claim interest in trading or investment strategy, technical preparation in areas such as options behavior, futures markets, volatility, hedging, and risk management can help employers distinguish between general interest and more serious preparation.

The Specialization and Recruitment Program (SRP) adds a more direct bridge between training and the industry. Top L3 performers can be considered for analyst or trader-style internships with partner investment firms, family offices, hedge funds, and related employers. The program structure creates opportunities for candidates to produce work, receive feedback, develop more specialized skills, and build a record that is more informative than self-presentation alone.

For employers, the relevant point is not that any program can guarantee talent. No program can. The value is that TrendUp can provide a more developed picture of a candidate before the employer invests significant time in the hiring process. A candidate may have completed technical training, worked on investment-related assignments, interacted with investment professionals, participated in research or strategy discussions, and been observed over a longer period than a normal interview process allows.

That kind of evidence is increasingly important in an AI-shaped hiring market. Employers need to know not only what a candidate says they can do, but what they have actually done, how they think, how they improve, and whether their interest in finance has translated into serious work.

For firms looking to hire, TrendUp’s employer platform is designed around access to a global pool of vetted candidates for investment funds, proprietary trading firms, boutique investment banks, venture capital, private equity, wealth management firms, and family offices. In a noisier hiring environment, that kind of pre-vetted candidate pipeline becomes more valuable because it helps employers move beyond polished applications and toward more reliable evidence of investment potential.

Verified ability will matter more

AI will continue to affect finance hiring. Candidates will keep using it to improve applications, prepare for interviews, and explain their experience more clearly. Employers will keep using technology to manage volume, screen applicants, and reduce administrative burden. Some of this will be useful. Some of it will create new problems.

The direction is clear enough: as application materials become easier to optimize, the market will place more value on signals that are closer to verified ability. Finance employers will still care about resumes, schools, internships, credentials, and interviews, but those signals will need to be supported by stronger evidence of actual work.

This may be positive for serious candidates, including those from less traditional backgrounds. If the industry becomes more focused on demonstrated ability, candidates who can produce strong work should have more ways to be noticed. But that requires credible systems for identifying, evaluating, and surfacing talent.

The long-term impact of AI in finance hiring will be a greater premium on verified ability, observed performance, and credible candidate evaluation.

The signal problem in finance hiring is not going away. In an AI-powered candidate market, it is likely to become more important. The firms that adapt well will be the ones that look beyond polished applications and build better ways to identify candidates who can think, write, analyze, and improve in real investment contexts.

For TrendUp, that is the long-term role: helping the finance industry move from surface-level candidate presentation toward a clearer view of verified investment talent.

Frequently asked questions

How is AI changing finance hiring?

AI in finance hiring is making candidate presentation easier to optimize. Resumes, cover letters, and interview preparation can now be improved quickly with AI tools, which means employers need stronger evidence of actual investment ability. The most useful signals are increasingly those based on observed work, technical preparation, written research, and performance under feedback.

Why are resumes becoming a weaker signal in finance recruiting?

Resumes are still useful, but they are easier to polish than before. A candidate can now describe finance experience, options strategy, market research, or investment interest in fluent language without necessarily having the ability to produce strong work. This makes it more important for employers to look for evidence that is closer to the actual work of analysts and traders.

What makes observed performance valuable for finance employers?

Observed performance helps employers see how a candidate thinks, learns, writes, handles ambiguity, and improves with feedback. In investment roles, this can be more informative than application materials alone because it reflects practical judgment rather than only presentation quality.

How does TrendUp help employers identify finance talent?

TrendUp helps develop and surface early-career investment candidates through structured training, technical preparation, research-oriented work, and the Specialization and Recruitment Program. For employers, this creates a more developed candidate signal than a resume alone because candidates can be evaluated across multiple stages before being introduced to hiring partners.

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Portfolio Analysis Success Story

Grayson Valente

A TrendUp Now Fall 2024 cohort graduate, Grayson Valente spent years as a professional hockey player across Europe and North America before pivoting into finance. After completing the L-program, earning his CFOA, and interning as a Hedge Fund Analyst and Trader at Liberfield Capital through the SRP, he was hired as a Portfolio Analyst in Private Capital at Lumonic — within weeks of finishing the program.

You spent years playing professional hockey across three countries before transitioning into finance. What drove that decision, and how did you find TrendUp?

Hockey was my primary focus for a long time, but throughout that period I was also working toward my economics and finance degree through LSE. Markets genuinely fascinated me — the way capital gets deployed, how risk is priced, how macro events ripple through investment decisions. So the intellectual interest was always there running in parallel.

When I got serious about the transition, I quickly realized that a degree wasn’t going to be enough on its own. The buy side wants to see that you can actually think and perform like an analyst — not just that you’ve studied finance. TrendUp stood out because it wasn’t a passive credential. The L-program built real analytical depth, the CFOA was a meaningful certification, and the SRP gave direct access to a live fund environment. That full pipeline was exactly what I needed to make a credible case to employers.

How did you find the L-courses and the process of earning your CFOA?

The content was rigorous in a way I appreciated. L1 and L2 built strong foundations in equities and options — the kind of analytical framework that’s directly applicable in practice. By L3, we were working through futures, complex derivatives, and portfolio-level risk management, which aligned closely with what I’d end up doing during the SRP at Liberfield.

The one-on-one reviews after each level kept the standard high. Having a professional track your work and give you targeted, honest feedback is something you don’t often get in an academic setting. By the time I sat the CFOA exam, I felt genuinely prepared. Having that certification on my LinkedIn and resume immediately changed the quality of conversations I was having with employers — it signals that you’ve been held to a real standard.

You completed your SRP at Liberfield Capital as a Hedge Fund Analyst and Trader. What did that experience look like on the ground?

It was substantive from day one. I was conducting research to identify key stock catalysts, developing and maintaining valuation models, helping issue investment recommendations, and working on derivatives and long/short pairs trading strategies to complement and hedge equity positions. I was communicating investment ideas directly to the Portfolio Manager — both verbally and through written analysis. It was a real junior analyst role, not a passive observership.

The TrendUp preparation made a meaningful difference. I wasn’t using the internship to learn the basics — I came in with the analytical framework and the CFOA already behind me, which meant I could focus on contributing and performing from the start.

You moved from the SRP directly into a Portfolio Analyst role at Lumonic in private capital. How did that happen so quickly?

The SRP wrapped up in May 2025 and I was starting at Lumonic in June. The sequence moved fast, and I think it came down to arriving at conversations with a complete picture: CFOA certification, live hedge fund experience, and the ability to discuss investment ideas with real substance. Buy-side interviewers can tell the difference between someone who has genuinely been tested and someone who has just read about it.

TrendUp gave me the credibility to get in the room and the preparation to perform once I was there. Private capital is where I wanted to be, and this got me there in a matter of months.

What would you say to someone coming from an unconventional path — a professional athlete, or someone without a traditional finance background — who’s considering TrendUp?

The finance industry isn’t naturally set up to evaluate people like us fairly. Recruiters pattern-match for target schools and conventional internship sequences, and if your resume doesn’t fit that mould, you start at a disadvantage. TrendUp addresses that very directly — the CFOA is a verifiable, industry-standard credential, and the SRP gives you real buy-side experience you can speak to confidently in any interview.

Professional sports taught me that the gap between where you are and where you want to be closes through deliberate preparation and being willing to outwork the competition. TrendUp gave me the right vehicle for that in finance. If you bring that same mentality to the program, the opportunities are genuinely there.

Categories
Thought Leadership

The Last Generation of Junior Analysts? What AI Is Really Doing to Investment Careers, And What You Should Do About It

A calm, honest look at a fast-moving shift, and why the window to act may be narrower than you think.


Somewhere in Sydney, a hedge fund called Minotaur Capital is running money with zero human analysts. Its AI system, “Taurient,” reads roughly 5,000 news articles a day, makes portfolio decisions, and posted a 13.7% return in its first six months. That’s nearly double the MSCI All-Country World Index over the same period.

That’s not a thought experiment. That happened in 2024 and 2025.

Now consider that Bridgewater Associates, the world’s largest hedge fund, launched a $2 billion machine-learning fund last year using models from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Perplexity. That Balyasny Asset Management built an internal tool, “BAMChatGPT,” now used by 80% of its employees. That Viking Global’s internal AI deployment grew 400% year-on-year. That Schroders has a system drafting investment memos before a human analyst ever touches them.

None of this is happening in the future. It’s happening now. And if you’re someone who wants to build a career in investment, it changes the calculus, significantly and urgently, for how you think about getting in.


The Honest Picture

The conversation around AI and finance tends to swing between two unhelpful extremes: breathless doom on one side, dismissive denial on the other. The reality is more specific than either.

A Citigroup report found that 54% of financial sector jobs have high potential for automation, more than any other sector. That’s a striking number. But what it obscures is which jobs are most at risk, and on what timeline. The roles under sharpest near-term pressure aren’t the senior portfolio managers running high-conviction books. They’re the entry-level positions: research analysts pulling data, building first-pass models, synthesizing company filings, producing the weekly sector summaries that used to require a small team of recent graduates.

One portfolio manager at a high-profile asset manager described using a research tool to generate analysis on a Treasury market event that would previously have taken a junior analyst at least two weeks. It was done in minutes. The manager noted that this had freed up the analyst’s time for more important work, then mentioned that the firm had plans to hire fewer junior analysts in the year ahead.

That’s the pattern, repeated quietly across firms: productivity framed as liberation, headcount decisions made in private. The work doesn’t disappear. The roles do.


A Market That Looks Open But Isn’t

The surface signals look relatively normal, and that’s part of what makes this moment tricky.

Job postings are still going up. Prestigious firms still run graduate programs. The salaries haven’t dropped. LinkedIn feeds still show people getting offers and posting that slightly awkward announcement about being excited to start their journey at XYZ.

But underneath that, something has shifted. Job placement outcomes at every single one of America’s “magnificent seven” elite MBA programs, including Harvard, Stanford, MIT, and Northwestern, have declined since 2021. In 2021, only 4% of Harvard MBAs received no job offer within three months of graduation. By 2024, that figure had risen to 15%. MIT saw almost the identical shift, from 4.1% to 14.9%. These are not weak candidates. They are among the most prepared, most credentialed young professionals in the world, and they are finding that the market they trained for has quietly contracted around them.

This is what we at TrendUp have started calling negative recruitment, and it’s one of the more important dynamics to understand if you’re serious about an investment career.

Negative recruitment isn’t a firm announcing layoffs or a publicized freeze. It’s subtler. Firms maintain the architecture of an open hiring market, the job posts, the campus visits, the information sessions, while systematically reducing the number of seats available and letting productivity gains do the work that expanding headcount used to do. The posts are real. The competition is real. The probability of an offer has dropped sharply. It’s an optical illusion with very real consequences for the people caught inside it.

Fortune has noted that firms are “pulling back on headcount growth for as long as possible, leaning on efficiency gains until they’re forced to add more humans to payroll,” and that this period of sluggish hiring could last for years.

Years. Not quarters.


What’s Actually Being Replaced, And What Isn’t

The investment industry will not be automated away.

The craft of investing requires genuine judgment about uncertainty, the ability to build conviction from incomplete information, the intuition for when a management team is telling you the truth and when they aren’t, the kind of relationship with a founder that produces real proprietary insight. None of that is something a model can replicate, not now, and probably not for a long time. The best investors in the world are paid for a form of contextual intelligence that remains stubbornly human.

What is being replaced is the scaffolding. The entry-level work that served, for decades, as the training ground where that senior judgment was developed.

Consider what junior analysts at asset managers and long/short funds have traditionally done: deep-dive research on individual companies, sector mapping, financial model maintenance, earnings call monitoring, investment memo first drafts, ESG scoring, competitor comparisons. Every single one of those tasks has been materially affected. Schroders’ internal platform, GAiiA, generates a draft investment memo that a human analyst then verifies and finalizes before it goes to the investment committee. The analyst is still in the loop, but the loop is shorter, and fewer loops require a human at all.

The uncomfortable downstream question: if the junior roles contract, how does the next generation of senior investors learn the craft? The industry doesn’t have a clean answer to that yet. But the question itself creates a specific kind of urgency for anyone who wants to be in that pipeline.


Who Is Still Getting In

The people successfully breaking into investment careers right now look a little different from the cohorts of five years ago.

They arrive with proof of work, not just pedigree. In a market where every seat attracts a larger and more credentialed pool of applicants, academic qualifications are necessary but no longer sufficient. The candidates getting offers are the ones who can show a body of work: investment theses written and defended, models built from scratch, sector analysis that demonstrates a genuine point of view. Firms want people who already think like investors, not people who plan to start thinking that way once they’re hired.

They understand the tools at a practitioner’s level. Not as engineers, but as people who know what the tools can do, how to direct them, where they fall short, and how to apply judgment on top of the output. Recruitment firms are already noting a split in the market: profiles with those skills have become extremely competitive to hire, while more traditional finance candidates are facing a harder road. The people getting through tend to be the ones who can do the fundamental analysis and know how to use what’s available to them.

They built their network before they needed it. In a market defined by negative recruitment, a significant share of opportunities never reach a public post. They’re filled through relationships, through mentors, alumni, and practitioners who know a candidate and can vouch for them before a process ever opens. In many parts of the market, network is the thing that matters most.


Why Timing Matters More Than People Realize

There is a version of this story that ends with “don’t worry, the industry will adapt and new opportunities will emerge.” That version is probably correct, over a long enough horizon.

But it isn’t very useful for someone deciding what to do about their career in the next twelve months.

The firms still building meaningful junior analyst cohorts are doing so because their integration of these tools isn’t yet complete. There is a transitional window, a period where strong preparation, the right skills, and genuine relationships can still get a talented person through a door that is closing, slowly but measurably. That window is open now. The evidence suggests it will be narrower a year from now, and narrower still the year after.

The people who move during this window, who invest in the right preparation and build the right relationships ahead of the next hiring cycle, will have a meaningfully different set of options than those who wait. Preparation compounds. In a tightening market, starting six months earlier than everyone else is a structural advantage that’s very hard to close.


What TrendUp Is Built For

We created TrendUp Now because we were watching this shift happen and felt the responsibility to build something that responded to it honestly.

The platform brings together structured investment education designed around how buy-side roles actually work today, mentorship from practitioners who are currently inside the firms that are hiring, and a community of people working through exactly the same situation. We track hiring patterns closely, including the negative recruitment dynamics that most job platforms don’t surface, because those platforms have no incentive to tell you the market is harder than it looks.

We won’t promise you an offer. No one who’s being honest can do that. What we can give you is a clear picture of where this market is heading, the preparation that actually matters in the current environment, and access to the people and relationships that open doors before they’re ever posted publicly.

If an investment career is something you’re serious about, the most important thing you can do right now is not wait for the right moment. The right moment is already here.

Categories
Thought Leadership

A Hedge Fund Manager’s Thoughts on Trading Options on Robinhood

As we reach the end of 2020 we all have a chance to reflect on this year’s main events. Most will point to the pandemic, its subsequent lockdowns, the political instability, the election etc.

In Finance, though, perhaps one of the most significant events has been the rise of Robinhood and the influx of young, inexperienced, speculative new traders into the market.

A lot has been written about this phenomenon (by CNBC, SeekingAlpha, Bloomberg, and NY Times, just to name a few). In fact, there are some funds and firms out there researching this further in order to come up with possible trading strategies to take advantage of it. But aside from pushing up beaten down stocks and contributing to, some would say, the forming of financial bubbles in some names, nowhere has their impact been as noticeable as in the options market. One of the hedge funds I co-founded uses options strategies as one of our main tools and we have noticed an impressive increase in option trading volume in 2020. The reality is that we had been observing a pattern of increased option interest for a few years, but this year’s surge has been impressive.

 

In fact, as Goldman Sachs reported in July of this year, single stock options trading volumes were bigger than the actual underlying stock shares volume for the first time ever in history.

Graph of Single Stock Options Trading Volumes Bigger Than Share Volumes

While shocking, it comes as no surprise that cash-strapped, risk-hungry, young new traders are attracted to options, as the leverage they offer is exceptional, and one can make very large returns if their prediction comes to pass. Buying call options on almost any name in March this year would have been immensely profitable, and a lot of new traders jumped on this bandwagon. While this was happening most professional funds, ours included, were designing hedging strategies to survive or profit from further potential downside moves, which never actually happened.

This means that possibly, for a few weeks this year, random Robinhood option traders significantly outperformed the ‘smart money’ crowd.

 

This is a double-edged sword.

While it is certainly exciting to experience high returns on your first ever trades, it conditions a lot of these new traders into believing that the strategies they put on are more valuable than they really are.

As a result, it is not surprising that this year’s put-to-call ratio has dipped to one of its lowest readings ever, suggesting that most option players are using options for bullish speculation (by buying calls) rather than for risk hedging or bearish speculation (buying puts).

That this is happening in 2020, a year when the worldwide economy has been crushed by the pandemic, is ironic to say the least. 

Graph of Equity Put/Call Ratio by CBOE

In the long term, this is unlikely to be sustainable.

Buying calls in markets with inflated valuations might work for a while but, as history tells us, the situation will revert back to its mean at some point. This is not to say that the markets will turn bearish, it’s just a comment on the mechanics of the option market. If a constant bull market, fuelled by inflation and the dollar’s devaluation, is the new normal, then option premiums will also increase, making call buying more expensive and lowering the odds of success of call buyers

The reality is that, in the long run, most retail option buyers will end up losing money. 

The only reason buying options has such an attractive risk/return proposition on paper is because the odds of success when buying options are low. Otherwise nobody would be willing to sell these instruments.

However, this influx of mostly call buyers presents a lot of opportunities for hedge funds and other professional players. Short option strategies that seek to sell options with inflated premiums to speculative unsophisticated traders are showing significant returns. This is because options trading is much more complex than it seems. Aside from the price of the underlying stock (delta) you need to at least take into account the option’s time (theta) value and its volatility (vega) values. Very few of the Robinhood traders are doing anything like that, which means there is significant value to be captured by exploiting this anomaly.

So if you have been trading options on Robinhood, I would suggest you keep track of what is and what isn’t working for you, and try to educate yourself about the complex world of options before you risk a lot of your capital.

If admitted to the TrendUp Now program, during the L2 course we will take a deep dive into the option strategies that we use day in and day out at our fund, and that we have been successfully running for years now. They may not be as initially enticing as buying cheap calls and striking it rich, but they are much more regular and consistent.

At the end of the day, the intelligent investor who is able to generate superior risk-adjusted returns on a consistent basis will always beat the speculator who had perhaps gambled and been lucky a few times. The latter, at the end of the road, through a string of bad trades, will likely lose most of what he once gained.

Categories
Thought Leadership

Why don’t hedge funds have websites?

In the 21st Century, it is a given that if you do not have an internet presence (website, LinkedIn, etc), you simply don’t exist. Nowadays, even corner lemonade stands run by grade school kids seem to have a website or at least a presence on social media.

However, there is one notable exception: Hedge funds.

Most hedge funds do not have a strong internet presence if any at all. When they do, even top multi-billion hedge funds like Renaissance Technologies, with over $110 B in Assets Under Management, have very simple websites that look like they were built in 1995.

Their LinkedIn page is even worse. It has no logo and no content and their description is literally this: “——————————“.

LinkedIn page of the hedge fund
LinkedIn page of the hedge fund “Renaissance Technologies” that has neither a logo nor content

Furthermore, many hedge funds employ savvy firms to do the opposite they do with most clients: keep their name away from the spotlight. Many hedge funds ask their employees to not publicly state online where they work.

So what’s going on? Why does your corner mom and pop shop have a stronger internet presence than a multi-billion dollar company? Why do so many hedge funds act as if they were secret intelligence operations?

There are six main reasons:

1. Legal: Up until 2013, it was actually illegal in the United States for hedge funds to have any sort of effective website as they were barred from advertising and engaging in “general solicitation”. This was a rule designed to protect smaller investors from investing in expensive, complex and not very transparent instruments like hedge funds. Even if that rule has now been somewhat relaxed, the industry has gotten used to not having a strong online presence, and many funds are unlikely to change as that could welcome potential unwanted legal scrutiny.

2. Clients: In order to be legally allowed to invest in a hedge fund you must be an accredited investor (currently defined by rule 501 of Regulation D as having an income of over $200k and a net worth of +$1M) to even be considered, and most hedge funds have much higher wealth requirements, as well as very high minimum initial investment amounts. Many hedge funds understand that an online presence is unlikely to influence these sorts of clients to make such important investment decisions. Rather, hedge funds use their network to personally reach out to potential qualified investors.

3. Exclusivity: Just like the secret hipster bars and restaurants hidden behind nondescript doors in industrial buildings are all the rage, in the 21st century, it seems like not being online confers an aura of secrecy and exclusivity. It’s almost like a reverse psychology exercise: “We don’t need your money so we don’t advertise”. This can be very powerful to lure high net worth individuals. For example, Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme grew exponentially because, in part, his fund’s extremely low profile and secrecy made it seem like a highly coveted and prized opportunity among the world’s wealthiest).

4. Need: Unless you’re a new fund or your capital rising through traditional routes is not working, there is actually very little need to have any sort of public presence. Your fund may be fully subscribed or you may not be looking for more capital. And if you do, chances are your own network’s word-of-mouth may be enough to get the few extra investors you need. It might simply make no sense to spend money on developing an internet presence, and then dealing with the resulting unsolicited attention or requests from unqualified wannabe investors.

5. Regulation: Hedge funds are loosely-regulated private partnerships and are not required to report their performance to any centralized database. Funds will usually only publicize their performance to prospective investors and marketing databases if they are looking to attract new investors. While there are some private hedge fund databases that try to gather performance data, the reality is that they are very incomplete as they rely on voluntary reporting. Furthermore, if the fund owns less than $100MM in regulatory assets, they do not even need to file any SEC forms, making the fund virtually non-existent not only in the eyes of the public, but also for regulators and government agencies. This is exacerbated when the fund is not even registered in the US (many opt for jurisdictions with even laxer regulations like Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Singapore etc).

6. Privacy: One of the aspects that HNW individuals value the most is privacy. If the fund they’re investing in were to, for example, publish their performance or detailed investment philosophy online, some clients could be concerned that certain parties (government, journalists, competitors, etc) could use that information against them. The same goes for hedge fund workers. The preferential tax treatment for carried interest is also politically controversial, adding to the desire to avoid the spotlight. 

So, all in all, if you look for a hedge fund on Google or LinkedIn and expect to find a lot of information, you will probably be disappointed. Anyone can build beautiful websites nowadays. Maybe those who choose not to is because they can afford to do so.

Categories
Thought Leadership

Been trading for a while, ever thought of doing it professionally?

We are often approached by people who ask us if it’s possible to transition from being an independent trader/investor to working at a hedge fund or a proprietary trading firm.

The reality is that technology has allowed retail traders access to information, financial data, and trade execution that were once only available to a select few professional firms. This has contributed to the creation of an ever-growing number of people who have developed valuable trading and investing skills independently, and who could also put them to use professionally in a buy-side firm.

So…what should you do if you’ve been trading for a while and are now thinking of doing this professionally?

The benefits are well-known: Buy-side finance has some of the highest compensation levels of any profession in the world, and the jobs tend to be challenging and intellectually stimulating. However, cracking into the industry is no easy feat. (To learn more about buy-side vs sell-side, check out these articles by Mergers & Acquisitions and Investopedia.)

Everybody is unique and has different backgrounds and education/career trajectories, so, rather than an overall analysis of who hedge funds are looking for, we would like to focus on how you can use your trading experience to stand out.

Know your Style

Being a jack of all trades is not something that is generally viewed favorably in the industry. Hedge funds tend to be highly specialized. They may have a specific strategic approach (long/short, global macro, etc), a theme (tech, value, etc), a preferred analytical approach (fundamental, algorithmic, etc)… As a result, it will be much easier for you if you specialize in a specific trading or investing style before interviewing for a job. This refers not only to the products you generally trade (equities, options, futures, etc), but also the approaches you take. You should be able to discuss your strategic approach with the person interviewing you, and be able to give some concrete examples of how this was applied in real life.

Hedge funds work hard to avoid what’s called “style drift”, that is when they keep on changing strategies. Consequently, you should probably also avoid personal style drift and stick to one or two approaches that work for you. I’d rather hire someone who has, for example, been trading grain futures with a very specific approach for three years, than someone who has bought and shorted all the futures contracts available, hundreds of different options, and half the stocks on the S&P, without any rhyme or reason. That is not to say that having knowledge about different markets, products and strategies is a negative thing (on the contrary!), but if you’re talking about your personal trading strategies it’s best not to be all over the board.

Have a Track Record

In the age of Robinhood anyone can call themselves an investor or a trader. Buying a few stocks and currencies and a couple of call options do not make you one. You need to be consistent to stand out and your past performance can help you do this. You should be able to show a good track record (of at least around 18 months).

It doesn’t have to be perfect, nor should it have necessarily beaten the market. But you need to be able to explain why you did what you did, what worked, and what didn’t.

Good traders will try to keep track of what they do, so having something like a trading journal can be a great complement to the performance statistics that you can download from your brokerage platform. Hedge funds understand that daily profits of, say, 20%, are exciting but impossible to maintain, so they’ll be looking at the overall returns of your trading, for example over one year period. Returns of around 10% annually can be fine, especially if you can show how, while you were producing these returns, you had hedged your positions against possible market crashes, which would have allowed you to profit from a down market as well. Now, obviously, if your track record shows a loss of 76% then you’re better off not showing anything, and it may be better to take some time to gain some more knowledge before returning to the markets.

Lastly, your track record should have evidence of independent thought: If all your profitable trades have been purely due to successful trend-following momentum stocks (chasing up a stock like Tesla), it is unlikely they will see much of value other than a lucky streak.

Get Professional Mentorship

While the first two steps are important, the reality is that hedge funds and other buy-side firms receive thousands of applications and it is highly unlikely that they will want to hire a self-directed trader just on a good strategy and a track record. As we discussed in our previous article on hedge funds, they’ll be looking at your educational background, professional experience, and skills. If you have access to someone who works at a hedge fund, you should try to get under his wing and learn as much as possible.

But, if you’re like most people, that is not something that is easily attainable. Programs like TrendUp Now not only help you develop the necessary skills for these positions, but also connect you with professionals in the field that will provide you with personalized advice and possibly connect you with relevant opportunities.

Have Past Relevant Experience

If you do a quick job search for reputable hedge funds and other buy-side firms, you’ll see that most jobs require some previous relevant experience.

This is the classic catch-22 where if you can’t get a job you can’t get experience which makes it hard to get a job.

For some opportunities, you can overcome this by showing professional experience in any finance-related field, even if you were not in a trading or analyst role.

But the reality is that nothing beats a good internship at a fund.

TrendUp Now provides internship opportunities to its qualified students so by the time you apply for jobs in the field you have the relevant experience you need to quickly stand out from the rest.

Categories
Thought Leadership

Hedge Funds Part I: What Are They And Who Are They Looking For?

Ambitious people with an interest in pursuing a career in Finance often have different options available to them. After some research, one of the first questions they tend to ask themselves is,

“Should I work in the buy-side or the sell-side?”

In short, the sell-side is about developing and selling products (stocks, bonds, entire companies if you’re in M&A) to investors, making money from fees and sale commissions; whereas the buy-side involves making investment decisions to generate returns from your or your clients’ money. The sell-side tends to be dominated by investment banking, while the buy-side is dominated by hedge funds and private equity.

We’ve observed that, in recent years, going into investment banking has become the goal of many.

This comes a bit as a surprise as, in general, individuals with an entrepreneurial mindset are probably best suited for a career in hedge funds. In general, if you’re successful, the compensation in hedge funds is clearly superior to that of investment banking, and the hours tend to be more predictable. The work also tends to be more intellectually stimulating as there is less of a mechanical, hierarchical approach to tasks compared to those in investment banking. This is not to say some people can’t also thrive in the sell-side, but we’re just surprised that nowadays university students tend to gravitate towards the -generally less appealing- investment banking path as the ‘default’ Finance path. There is no denying that landing an IB job out of college will open doors also in the buy-side later on (in fact many HF recruiters look for IB analysts with 1-3 years in). But it seems like most just stay in the sell-side. This is a relatively new phenomenon which actually creates big opportunities for those who want to explore the hedge fund path.

This phenomenon is due to the fact that the big investment banks have taken university recruitment seriously and it is not rare for them to come to college campuses and offer well-structured internships and summer programs. Interestingly enough, before Dodd-Frank’s Volcker Rule was passed as a result of the 2008 Financial Crisis, large banks also had proprietary discretionary trading departments, but, due to that regulation, this space has moved to buy-side firms because of the lighter regulation.  Essentially that means that it is now harder for students or recent graduates to access trading roles without having some sort of connection. At TrendUp, we bridge this gap and train and help interested candidates break into the harder to access, but exciting, high-paying careers of the hedge fund industry.

The history of hedge-funds is one of the investors seeking independence from institutional rules and government regulations: Hedge funds allowed investors a carte blanche to go after the best opportunities.

Today, it is a +$3T industry with more than 10,000 firms, of varying sizes.

Graph of 'Value of assets managed by hedge funds worldwide' by Statista
Graph of ‘Value of assets managed by hedge funds worldwide’ by Statista

One of the most exciting aspects of the hedge fund industry is its huge diversity. For example, the funds will have different investment horizons: Some may put trades with a 10yr horizon, others, especially in the algorithmic space, maybe just for the next 10 seconds. Hedge funds also have a wide array of strategies: Long/short equity, market neutral, merger arbitrage, convertible arbitrage, event-driven, credit, distressed credit, fixed-income arbitrage, systematic, global macro, short only, etc. This means that it is not hard to find a hedge fund that matches a candidate’s specific personality or skill. However, if a candidate is unaware of what their skills and personality are and how that fits in the industry, they will have a hard time finding the right match. 

This is why at TrendUp Finance we have data analysts and fund psychologists working with us to assess our candidates’ skills and personalities so we can then match them with the most compatible positions in the sector.

The space is extremely competitive, so it’s important to be prepared when entering a hedge fund. The reason is that hedge fund operators look to deliver absolute -not relative- performance, in any type of market.

Hedge funds want to ‘beat the market’, not just ‘match it’, like other players in the financial industry.

As a result, it tends to attract ambitious people who want to advance fast. The result is a faster environment (major decisions can be made in hours) more creativity, more risk, and therefore huge money potential. It’s not like an asset management firm where keeping up with the market average is enough. In those firms, a new trader may have time to hone and develop his skills, but in the hedge fund industry it is quite more cutthroat and entrepreneurial, so having beforehand knowledge is a big advantage in order to avoid making costly mistakes and losing your seat.

This is why TrendUp Finance trains its participants in hedge fund strategy and equity and derivative analysis so, by the time they apply for a position, the employer has the certainty that the candidate already has the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully contribute to their firm. Hiring the wrong person for a hedge fund position is extremely costly for the company and traumatic for the employee, so having TrendUp train, filter, and match their candidates with compatible positions is a win for all. 

In general, successful candidates tend to have some of the following: 

Personality Skills

Candidates in this industry tend to show reliability (you need to be able to show you can be trusted), strong work ethic (during intense times you need to be able to produce results efficiently), stress management (you need to be able to maintain a cold head if the market turns against you), effective communication (you need to be able to communicate your trading ideas to senior management or the market situation to the fund’s clients), and creativity (you need to come up with money-making ideas with attractive risk/reward scenarios, sometimes thinking outside the box).

Education:

Long gone are the days where people without a college degree were able to enter the industry. Having a college degree is now seen as an essential requirement for most buy-side positions. In particular, hedge funds tend to look for

  • Evidence of having successfully overcome the competition (for example, your class rank -top 20% for example-, even if it’s from a second-tier school).
  • Evidence of strong ability/work ethic (your GPA, your school)
  • Coursework in Finance, Economics, Math, Statistics, or Computer Programming

Mentors:

Finding someone in the industry to mentor you is an extraordinary asset. Building those connections will allow you to not only learn directly from that person but also tap into their network. Getting a mentor is easier said than done, especially in such a competitive industry. Showing commitment, patience, humility, and hunger for learning can go a long way. By participating in the TrendUp programs you will be exposed to top professionals in the field, often in 1-on-1 settings, which can be a great way to start exploring a mentoring relationship.

Stand Out:

There are many candidates applying to a limited number of internships and jobs in this industry. Standing out is therefore critical. Extra elements that make you different from your peers (published research, trading experience, background, etc) can go a long way. At TrendUp we work with our candidates to help them publish investment research and manage a portfolio.

All in all, if you feel you have some of these skills, and a career in Finance appeals to you, the buy-side in general and hedge funds specifically, offer you an exciting, challenging and highly rewarding opportunity, both personally and financially.

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